Initially, the early Christians refused to fight. Over time, they adopted a Just War stance, and in time used this to justify the forcible conversion of conquered peoples. With the Crusades, Just War was expanded to include what was called “Holy War,” and Christendom went to war in the Middle East with the Islamic empires. Stephen Russell outlines these critical pieces of the church’s history and explains how the church modified the Islamic concept of jihad to justify attacking their enemies. Russell shows how this was a seismic shift away from the teachings of the New Testament and what the early church had practiced. (Source: anabaptistperspectives.org)